Moderator: Matthew J. Smith, MD, EMHL (PM&R)
Cost-Effectiveness of Operative vs Nonoperative Treatment of Adult Lumbar Scoliosis
Leah Y. Carreon, MD, MSc
Determinants of Cost-to-Charge Ratio Variation Among U.S. Hospitals
Peter G. Passias, MD
Is There Value in Retrospective 90-Day Bundle Payment Models for Cervical Spine Procedures?
Susan Odum, PhD
Discussion